Thursday, July 14, 2016

One more reason to use Feather

It was quiet here for some time. Not because I have nothing to blog but because I have no time to do so properly. One of those almost forgotten posts was about Feather package / module.

Feather is a fast, lightweight binary format for data frames with R and Python implementation. The original RStudio announcement is here. And sure, the speed improvement is impressive. See my numbers for saving ~ 100 million probabilities:

# haplotype probs: 192 animals x 8 x 64000 markers
> format(object.size(probs), units="Mb")
[1] "750 Mb"

# saveRDS or save needs almost a minute to write probs to disk
> system.time(saveRDS(dprobs, file="DO192_probs.rds"))
   user  system elapsed
 50.701   0.574  51.678

# write_feather needs 6-7 seconds
> system.time(write_feather(dprobs, file="DO192_probs.feather"))
   user  system elapsed  
  1.344   1.051   6.272

Feather is even better if you compare it to traditional text formats like CSV. As David Smith explains in his blog, one of the reasons is traditional formats are row-oriented while internal R's storage is column-oriented.

Diagram credit: Hadley Wickham

I have one more reason to use Feather. If you have datasets with many columns (e.g. genes in human/mouse genome) and you need fast access to just one column (e.g. Shiny app), then Feather is ideal because its columns are automatically indexed.

read_feather("DO192_probs.feather", column = "19_48310898")
   user  system elapsed
 0.068   0.000   0.069

Sure, there are other solutions, like rhdf5 or RSQLite, but Feather is the easiest to use, at least for me, at least in R. See David Smith (Microsoft R) for more details: http://blog.revolutionanalytics.com/2016/05/feather-package.html

Wednesday, May 20, 2015

Teaching R course? Use analogsea to run your customized RStudio in Digital Ocean!

Two years ago I taught an introductory R/Shiny course here at The Jackson Lab. We all learnt a lot. Unfortunately not about Shiny itself, but rather about incompatibilities between its versions and trouble with its installation to some machines.

And it is not only my experience. If you look into forums of Rafael Irizarry MOOC courses, so many questions are just about installation / incompatibilities of R packages. The solution exists for a long time: run your R in a cloud. However, customization of virtual machines (like Amazon EC2) used to be a nontrivial task.

In this post I will show how a few lines of R code can start a customized RStudio docklet in a cloud and email login credentials to course participants. So, the participant do not need to install R and the required packages. Moreover, it is guaranteed they all run exactly the same software. All they need is a decent web browser to access RStudio server.

RStudio server login

Running RStudio in Digital Ocean with R/analogsea

So how complicated is it today to start your RStudio on clouds? It is (almost) a one-liner:
  1. If you do not have  Digital Ocean account, get one. You should receive a promotional credit $10 (= 1 regular machine running without interruption for 1 month):
    https://www.digitalocean.com/
    (full disclosure: if you create your account using the link above I might get an extra credit)
  2. Install analogsea package from Github. Make sure to create Digital Ocean personal access token and in R set DO_PAT environment variable. Also create your personal SSH key and upload it to Digital Ocean.
  3. And now it is really easy:

    library(analogsea)
    # Sys.setenv(DO_PAT = "*****") set access token

    # start your machine in Digital Ocean
    d <- docklet_create(size = getOption("do_size", "512mb"))
    # run RStudio on machine 'd' (rocker/rstudio docker image)
    d %>% docklet_rstudio()
The last line should open your browser with RStudio login page (user "rstudio", password "rstudio"). If not, use summary(d) to get the IP address of your machine and go to http://your_machine:8787. 

It will cost you ~$0.01 per hour ($5 per month, May 2015). When you are done, do not forget to stop your Digital Ocean machine (droplet_delete(d)). At the end, make sure that you successfully killed all your machines - either log in to Digital Ocean or by calling droplets() in R.

Wednesday, February 11, 2015

Make your R plots interactive

THIS POST IS NOW OBSOLETE, USE PLOTLY OR GGIRAPH, SEE MY CODE EXAMPLE

As a part of my daily job, I draw scatterplots, lots of them. And because there are thousands of genes expressed in any mouse or human tissue, my typical plot looks something like this (code). (Actually, it is a comparison of variance that can be attributed to "sex" factor in mRNA vs. protein expression.)

The question is - what is a gene in the top right corner? And what is the one next to him? And this one? And that?

Wednesday, November 5, 2014

Tweeting at #IMGC14 conference

The 28th annual International Mammalian Genome Conference was held over the last week in Bar Harbor, MA. For the first time, the official conference hashtag #IMGC14 was introduced. Twitter shares plummeted 9% next day. Pure coincide? I do not think so!

Totally, 79 participants contributed 1546 tweets. Guess who was the Twitter evangelist?


The distribution of tweets in time reveals when the lobster was served as a conference dinner.

Tuesday, May 13, 2014

RStudio: Pushing to Github with ssh-authentication

If RStudio prompts you for a username and password every time you try to push your project to Github, open the shell (Git menu: More/Shel...) and do the following:

1) Set username and email (if you did not do that before)
git config --global user.name "your_username"
git config --global user.email "your_email@example.com"

2) Create SSH key
ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "your_email@example.com" 

In RStudio, go to menu Tools / Global options / Git SVN / View public key and copy the key to your Github account setting (Edit profile / SSH keys / Add SSH key).

To check that ssh-authentication works, try to run
ssh -T git@github.com

and you should get something like

Hi your_username! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access. 

3) Change remote.origin.url from HTTPS to HTTP 

It might be Windows specific, but after 1)+2) RStudio still asks me for user name and password. After a long Google search, I have found a solution here and that is
git config remote.origin.url git@github.com:your_username/your_project.git

Hip, Hip, Hurrah!



If it was trivial for you, I do apologize. I am still very bad in guessing what could be useful for somebody and what not so much. That is why I have this blog and Github account in the first place.

One example, last year I published a paper in JSPI journal that improves a test for interaction in some very specific 2-way ANOVA situation (just one observation per group). The paper submission was an odyssey, mostly because of me. In one moment I doubted whether to retract the paper or not and I even did not upload the package to CRAN at first, just put it on Github.

Then I discovered that some guys found it and had built their package using it. They presented the results at UseR! 2013 conference. I might have met one of those biologists but I am sure I never mentioned my package to them. Finally, - and this is a bit embarrassing - I received an email from Fernando Tusell that I misspelled his name in one of my functions.

In summary, even if you see your work as non-essential from your perceptive, the others may have different view. Just do your best and share your results. Github is a perfect place for this.


Wednesday, January 1, 2014

Shiny Year 2014

http://glimmer.rstudio.com/simecek/pf2014en/ (source on Github)

"Pour Felicitér" is a French phrase used by Czech and Slovak to wish a happy new year, but not in French speaking countries. It is dating back to the beginning of 19. century when French was popular in Czech/Austrian city population similar way as English is today.

I originally wanted to make it a snow flake to share a plenty of snow we have in Maine. But then I discovered this Xmas R post and made it Shiny.

Let your 2014 be shiny as well!


Monday, September 23, 2013

The Kaufman Decimals

In his brilliant post (read it!), Ben Orlin introduced Kaufman decimals as follows, if

0.(4) = 0.444444444444444444444444444444444444444....,

is a number where the fourths go on forever, then

0.(4)1 = 0.44444444444444444444444444444444444444....1,

is a number where the fourths go on forever and, afterwards, there’s a one.

Imagine writing the number 0.(4)1 into a grid. You fill the first line with fourths and then write "1" into the second line like this

Wednesday, April 24, 2013

Facebook brainstorming

THIS POST IS OBSOLETE, SEE RFACEBOOK PACKAGE, MANY THANKS TO ITS DEVELOPERS

This blog has been sleeping for a long time. I moved from Prague (Czech Rep.) to Bar Harbor (Maine, US) and spent the last month doing paper work and settling down.

I am glad to note that Mining Facebook Data: Most "Liked" Status and Friendship Network was the 56th most read post on R-bloggers last year and its coverage on Revolution Analytics' blog Visualize your Facebook friends network with R made it to Top 10 most popular 2012 posts. Hope, one day my research papers will receive the same level of publicity.

Meanwhile, I think about other low-hanging fruits:
  • Quantify who "likes" your posts most, use it as a distance in the Friendship Network
  • Based on TED Talks that you liked in past, predict whether you will like next one (instead of TED Talks, one can look for movies or anything similar)
  • Automatic birthday wish posting
Any other idea? I will implement one or two of those and post here the codes.


Wednesday, August 8, 2012

Get a path to your Dropbox folder

I am currently designing my RStudio - Dropbox - Mardown/Knitter/Wordpress - Github workflow. One problem is that working on multiple machines with different version of Windows means I somehow need to tell R where my Dropbox folder is located.

I used to set the working directory at the beginning of my R scripts but it became tedious to change the path all the time. The solution might be to add definition of 'dropbox.folder.path' variable to .Rprofile files. Or there is a hard way - to write a script detecting Dropbox location automatically.

Tuesday, May 29, 2012

Mystery of mysteries

And now for something completely different to Facebook mining. Our paper "DISSECTING THE GENETIC ARCHITECTURE OF F1 HYBRID STERILITY IN HOUSE MICE" has just appeared at Evolution Journal. Let me give a brief explanation - and keep in mind that my major is math, not genetics.

From statistical point of view it is just an application of Karl Broman's R/qtl package. From biological point of view it is "mystery of mysteries", the term used by Darwin to refer to the mechanism by which two groups of animals become genetically incompatible.

A house mouse is a nice model of that phenomenon because its subspecies diverged relatively recently and you can still force them to breed if you want to. However, as described in the paper, male offspring of certain combination of parents are then unable to reproduce. Our long-term goal is to describe what is behind this sterility.

Two "ingredients" are already known: Prdm9 gene on Chr17 and "something" hidden in 4.5Mb region on ChrX. If any these two are not present in the required combination of alleles, then the mouse is fertile (or at least has normal testes weight and sperm count). However, as we know, Chr17 and ChrX are not the full story. There is some "secret ingredient(s)" needed to reach the full sterility and we have been unsuccessful in mapping it. Maybe there are just too many genes involved, i.e. our tests are underpowered.

The second possible explanation (submitted to CTC Meeting in Paris) is that the "secret ingredient(s)" might not to be a gene or anything you can assign to specific genomic location. Prdm9 (Chr17) is famous for playing role in a genetic recombination, shuffling of genetic information during sperm/eggs production. And recently, we verified that 4.5Mb ChrX region is also taking part in this process. Specifically, Prdm9 determines the location of recombination events and ChrX region influences the recombination frequency. So, is the "secret ingredient" mobile elements, repetitive sequences, heterochromatin or Bigfoot? One day we hope to know.

Selected papers: